CSS optional subjects

Essentials of International Relations (Paper I & II) by Kanwal Batool Naqvi (PAS) is a complete and exam-focused guide for CSS aspirants, published by Jahangir’s World Times. Aligned with the latest CSS syllabus, this book simplifies complex IR concepts with clear explanations, real-world examples, and analytical insights. Covering key topics like Pakistan’s foreign policy, global power dynamics, Kashmir issue, AI in IR, and more, it also includes practice material to strengthen critical thinking and answer-writing skills. An ideal resource for CSS, PMS, and students of International Relations.